Research Article 2026-04-23 under-review v1

NAC: Noise-Adaptive Correction for Robust Graph Neural Networks toward Trusted Graph Computing

H
Hwan Kim Myongji University
J
Jiha Kim Myongji University
S
Seunghyun Park Hansung University
H
Hyunhee Park Myongji University

Abstract

Trusted computing systems and blockchain-enabled security applications increas- ingly rely on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) for trust graph analysis, fraud detection, and anomaly identification. In these security-critical deployments, graph data is routinely subject to adversarial manipulation—including Sybil attacks, attribute poisoning, and label flipping—making robustness a fundamen- tal system-level trust requirement. While GNNs achieve strong performance on homophilic graph data such as citation networks, in compound noise environ- ments where structural and feature noise are combined, attention mechanisms become distorted and performance degrades severely. Existing studies either rely on structure learning that requires high computational cost of O(N2) or need clean validation data, limiting practical applicability in real-world trusted com- puting deployments. In this paper, we propose NAC (Noise-Adaptive Corrector), a framework that leverages homophily properties to simultaneously achieve com- putational efficiency and robustness. Inspired by trusted computing principles, NAC employs a dual-path architecture that separates a trusted reference signal path from an observed noisy path, using KL divergence to quantify trust deviation at the node level. NAC actively detects and corrects noise without label infor- mation by minimizing the KL divergence between reference signals generated through neighbor averaging and observed signals. Furthermore, we introduce a buffering strategy that omits the Reference Encoder computation during infer- ence, reducing actual computational load by approximately 50%. Experimental results on various benchmark datasets show that the proposed NAC-Practical achieves 6.2%p improved accuracy over baseline models without requiring clean original data, demonstrating superior robustness and establishing a foundation for trustworthy GNN deployment in blockchain-enabled security systems.

Citation Information

@article{hwankim2026,
  title={NAC: Noise-Adaptive Correction for Robust Graph Neural Networks toward Trusted Graph Computing},
  author={Hwan Kim and Jiha Kim and Seunghyun Park and Hyunhee Park},
  journal={Discover Computing},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9264474/v1}
}
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