This study empirically demonstrates how fragmented surveillance architectures produce systematic analytic attrition that constrains proactive interpersonal violence (IPV) prevention. Using Public-use National Crime Victimization Survey data as an empirical laboratory to quantify visibility loss across surveillance stages, we examined how requirements for relational, situational, and contextual variables reduced incidents eligible for prevention-relevant modeling. From an initial frame of 329,678 observations, identification of 11,000 sexual victimizations was reduced to a final analytic sample of 3,400 cases, a 69.1% visibility loss driven by unlinked contexts. Attrition was most pronounced for institutional subpopulations where identifiers were systematically suppressed. Such fragmentation produces a “surveillance paradox” of health, justice, and contextual silos with severe downstream consequences for population-level prevention prioritization. Privacy-preserving surveillance modernization through advanced linkage, formal cross-sector partnerships, and reformed data-access agreements is a structural prerequisite for equity-oriented IPV prevention and accountable institutional response