Article 2026-04-23 posted v1

Searching Post-translational Modifications in Cross-linking Mass Spectrometry Data

W
Weichuan Yu The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
C
Chen Zhou The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
S
Shengzhi Lai The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
S
Shuaijian Dai The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
P
Peize Zhao The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
N
Ning Li HKUST

Abstract

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) is a technique for investigating protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and protein structures. In the realm of biology, post-translational modifications (PTMs) play a critical role in regulating PPIs and reshaping protein structures. However, existing cross-linking workflows generally require PTMs to be specified in advance, making it difficult to directly inspect modified cross-linked peptides in XL-MS data. Given the large number of candidate PTMs catalogued in the Unimod database, directly prioritizing plausible PTM hypotheses from complex cross-linked spectra remains a practical bottleneck. Here, we introduce SeaPIC, a computational screening tool that complements standard XL-MS workflows by prioritizing unspecified PTM candidates directly from cross-linked spectra and exporting compact candidate sets for downstream confirmation in regular XL-MS search engines. Using the BIOGRID data, we identify 304,969 CSMs containing 49 uncommon PTMs that would be difficult to examine in routine preset-modification searches. These results suggest that SeaPIC can facilitate PTM-oriented exploration in cross-linking studies without changing established downstream identification pipelines.

Citation Information

@article{weichuanyu2026,
  title={Searching Post-translational Modifications in Cross-linking Mass Spectrometry Data},
  author={Weichuan Yu and Chen Zhou and Shengzhi Lai and Shuaijian Dai and Peize Zhao and Ning Li},
  journal={Research Square},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5215565/v1}
}
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