Research Article 2026-04-22 posted v1

Hybrid Quantum-Classical Recurrent Models for Sarcasm Detection: A Comparative Study

I
Islam DJEMMAL Centre Universitaire de Mila
H
Hacene BELHADEF Université Constantine 2

Abstract

Sarcasm detection is a challenging task in Natural Language Processing (NLP) due to its reliance on subtle and implicit linguistic cues that are often not explicitly expressed in text. Designing models capable of capturing such nuanced patterns remains an open problem. In this work, we investigate hybrid quantum–classical recurrent architectures for sarcasm detection by conducting a comparative study of classical and quantum-enhanced sequence models, including Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU), and their quantum counterparts, Quantum LSTM (QLSTM) and Quantum GRU (QGRU).We employ a pre-trained BERT model to extract contextualized token embeddings, which are subsequently compressed through classical neural layers to ensure compatibility with Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices. In the proposed quantum-enhanced models, classical linear transformations within recurrent gates are replaced by Variational Quantum Circuits (VQCs), enabling the exploitation of quantum properties such as superposition and entanglement within a hybrid learning framework.Experimental results on a balanced sarcasm-labeled dataset indicate that both QLSTM and QGRU achieve performance levels comparable to their classical counterparts, despite utilizing significantly fewer trainable parameters. Notably, the quantum-enhanced models require approximately 10% of the parameters used by their classical equivalents while maintaining similar macro F1 scores. These findings suggest that hybrid quantum recurrent architectures can serve as compact and parameter-efficient alternatives to classical sequence models, highlighting their potential applicability in quantum natural language processing under near-term hardware constraints.

Citation Information

@article{islamdjemmal2026,
  title={Hybrid Quantum-Classical Recurrent Models for Sarcasm Detection: A Comparative Study},
  author={Islam DJEMMAL and Hacene BELHADEF},
  journal={Research Square},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9296095/v1}
}
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