Article 2026-04-23 under-review v1

Theta-mediated conceptual reinstatement in vmPFC precedes perceptual reinstatement in ventral visual cortex during memory recall

L
Lei Zhang Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care
M
Mohan Yuan
A
Asaf Gilboa Baycrest Centre
C
Claude Alain

Abstract

When recalling past episodes, different features of an experience, such as conceptual meaning and perceptual detail, are reconstructed and reinstated across distributed cortical regions. Current models of human memory do not specify how conceptual and feature-specific reinstatements unfold over time or how they interact hierarchically during retrieval. Using MEG and time-resolved encoding-retrieval cross-phase classification analysis, we compared the time course of conceptual and perceptual reinstatement during cued visual recall. Conceptual information decoding in the vmPFC preceded perceptual information decoding in the ventral visual cortex (VVC), and the two were expressed in distinct frequency bands: theta for conceptual and gamma for perceptual information. Cross-correlation and spectral Granger causality analyses revealed that conceptual information in vmPFC predicted and directed perceptual information in VVC, with theta-band information flow predominantly from vmPFC to VVC. In addition, bottom-up connectivity from VVC to vmPFC was expressed in the alpha band. These findings suggest that memory retrieval proceeds from abstract conceptual reconstruction to the reinstatement of perceptual details, mediated by theta oscillatory communication between prefrontal and sensory areas. We propose a hierarchical interactive model in which vmPFC initiates conceptual activation via theta-band top-down signals, while VVC provides alpha-band feedback for evaluating reconstructed perceptual details.

Citation Information

@article{leizhang2026,
  title={Theta-mediated conceptual reinstatement in vmPFC precedes perceptual reinstatement in ventral visual cortex during memory recall},
  author={Lei Zhang and Mohan Yuan and Asaf Gilboa and Claude Alain},
  journal={Nature Portfolio},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9315141/v1}
}
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