Research Article 2026-04-21 posted v1

Learning-Free Ranking from Pairwise Comparisons via Feedback-Arc-Set Pruning and Add-Back

S
Soroush Vahidi New Jersey Institute of Technology

Abstract

Deriving global rankings from noisy and incomplete pairwise comparisons is a fundamental problem with applications in sports analytics, preference aggregation, and evaluation. Many recent approaches rely on learning-based models, but in practice ranking systems are often required to operate under strict constraints on training cost, runtime, and reproducibility. We study a scalable, training-free alternative that constructs rankings directly from weighted directed comparison graphs. Our approach represents pairwise comparisons as a weighted digraph and leverages the connection between ranking inconsistency and feedback-arc-set removal to build an acyclic comparison backbone. The proposed pipeline is time-bounded and consists of three stages: a local-ratio-style cycle-breaking heuristic, a stable weight-prioritized add-back procedure with up to three passes while preserving acyclicity, and an optional bounded score-refinement stage under upset-based objectives used in recent ranking benchmarks. The resulting method outputs a real-valued score vector whose induced order is consistent with the recovered acyclic structure. Across the benchmark suite used in recent ranking-from-comparisons work, the proposed method is competitive with strong classical baselines and delivers substantial runtime advantages over training-based GNNRank configurations under fixed wall-clock budgets. These results position the method as a practical, deterministic, and scalable alternative for ranking on large pairwise-comparison graphs when training cost and deployment efficiency are important.

Citation Information

@article{soroushvahidi2026,
  title={Learning-Free Ranking from Pairwise Comparisons via Feedback-Arc-Set Pruning and Add-Back},
  author={Soroush Vahidi},
  journal={Research Square},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9281720/v1}
}
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