Research Article 2026-04-21 posted v1

Assessing the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Post-Stroke Depression among Stroke Survivors in Blantyre, Malawi

M
Munesuishe Gotora Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
A
Ariana Mugore Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
I
Israel Sikumbili Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
Z
Zainab Patel Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
T
Thom Kaledzera Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
Y
Yohane Gadama Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
R
Reuben Kalavina Kamuzu University of Health Sciences
N
Nesto Tarimo Kamuzu University of Health Sciences

Abstract

Background: Post-stroke depression is a common neuropsychiatric complication affecting stroke survivors worldwide, with a global prevalence of 20–50%. Establishing its prevalence and associated risk factors is crucial for developing effective interventions and improving patient outcomes; however, this remains understudied in Malawi. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of post-stroke depression among stroke survivors in Blantyre, Malawi.Methods: One hundred and ten adults with stroke were recruited from those receiving care at Kachere Rehabilitation Centre and Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Blantyre, Malawi. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was administered to assess depression in each patient. In addition, patients’ demographic details, socioeconomic status, and medical history were recorded. Scores from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were categorised as normal (0), mild depression (1–4), moderate depression (5–9), moderately severe depression (10–19), and severe depression (20–27). One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean age between depression levels, while Pearson’s Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between depression levels and the remaining patient characteristics.Results Sixty-one patients (55.5%) were males. The mean age of patients was 56.74 ± 13.70 (range: 29–88 years). The prevalence of depression was 47.3%. The level of depression varied from mild (31.8%) to severe (1.8%). However, depression levels did not show statistically significant mean age differences (one-way ANOVA, p = 0.098). Similarly, depression levels were not significantly associated with patients’ demographics, socioeconomic status, or medical history (Chi-Square, p > 0.05).Conclusions This study reveals a high prevalence of depression among stroke survivors in Blantyre, Malawi. The results emphasise the need for routine mental health assessments and targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes and quality of life in this population.

Citation Information

@article{munesuishegotora2026,
  title={Assessing the Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Post-Stroke Depression among Stroke Survivors in Blantyre, Malawi},
  author={Munesuishe Gotora and Ariana Mugore and Israel Sikumbili and Zainab Patel and Thom Kaledzera and Yohane Gadama and Reuben Kalavina and Nesto Tarimo},
  journal={Research Square},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9287535/v1}
}
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