Introduction Food addiction (FA) and binge eating (BE) may change following metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS), yet their long-term trajectories and relationship with weight recurrence remain poorly understood. We examined their prevalence, longitudinal course, and associations with weight outcomes seven years following sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Methods Women who underwent primary SG (n = 62) were evaluated prospectively at baseline and at multiple postoperative time points (3, 6, 12, and 24 months, and 7 years). FA and BE were assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS) and the Binge Eating Scale (BES), respectively. Longitudinal changes in FA and BE were examined across follow-up, and their associations with long-term (7 years) weight recurrence from nadir were evaluated. Results Thirty women completed the 7-year follow-up. At baseline, FA and BE were identified in 40.0% and 46.0% of participants, respectively. Their prevalence declined during the early postoperative period (FA: 8.7% and BE: 10.6% at 6 months), followed by a gradual increase by 7 years (FA: 21.4% and BE: 26.9%). Baseline FA and BE were not associated with greater weight recurrence at 7 years. In contrast, participants meeting criteria for BE at 7 years demonstrated significantly greater weight recurrence from nadir compared with those without BE (P = 0.015). Conclusions Early reductions in maladaptive eating behaviors following SG may not reflect sustained long-term remission, while post-surgical BE may contribute to weight recurrence, underscoring the importance of continued behavioral and psychological monitoring during long-term follow-up.