In order to remove the antibiotic ciprofloxacin from aqueous media, the current study examines the synthesis, characterization, and adsorption efficiency of a Pd-MoS₂@g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Comprehensive spectroscopic and microscopic methods, such as FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDX, and XPS, were used to confirm the nanocomposite's successful formation. Before and after ciprofloxacin loading, FTIR analysis showed distinctive peak shifts that suggested efficient adsorption via interactions like hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. While FE-SEM and HR-TEM images showed a distinctive morphology in which porous MoS2 ball-like structures embedded with Pd were uniformly covered by layered g-C3N4 sheets, XRD results verified the crystalline phases of the constituent materials. EDX and XPS analyses were used to confirm the elemental composition and oxidation states, respectively. To assess the removal performance under different operational parameters, batch adsorption experiments were carried out. The best removal was found in the pH range of 6–8 and an equilibrium contact time of 60 minutes, with an optimized adsorbent dose of 25 mg demonstrating maximum efficiency. Adsorption was greatly improved by ultrasonication, which removed up to 96.33% of the material in 35 minutes. The equilibrium data were best explained by the Langmuir isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacities of 14.285, 20.251, and 41.666 mg g⁻¹ at 30, 40, and 50 °C, respectively. Adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model. All things considered, the Pd-MoS₂@g-C3N4 nanocomposite showed great promise as an effective adsorbent for the removal of ciprofloxacin from water.