Choroidal Imaging Features of KIF11-associated Retinopathy: Expanding the Ocular Phenotype
Abstract
Background: To systematically characterize foveal architecture and choroidal morphology in KIF11-associated retinopathy using multimodal imaging, and to assess for pachychoroid features using quantitative choroidal thickness (CT) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). Methods: In this retrospective case series, multimodal imaging from two patients (four eyes) with genetically confirmed KIF11-associated retinopathy was analyzed. En-face optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the macular and inferior peripheral retina were spatially aligned to widefield fundus images to enable fovea-centered spatial mapping. The choroid was segmented and binarized on OCT B-scans to derive quantitative macular CT and CVI measurements, and CT measurements in the mid-peripheral and peripheral retina. Pixel-based measurements were converted to microns using image-scale calibration. Measurements from both eyes were compared with a healthy control. Results: Both KIF11 patients demonstrated bilateral fovea plana, inferior chorioretinal dysplasia, and inferotemporal vascular dragging. Sub-macular CT showed altered spatial patterning relative to a reference control, with lower overall thickness and increased inter-eye variability. In control eyes, CT demonstrated fovea-centered distribution, whereas patient eyes showed disrupted spatial organization, most pronounced in P1 (OD: R² = 0.41; OS: R² = 0.52). Sub-macular CVI ranged from 58–65% and demonstrated increased variability in spatial patterning, with reduced quadratic model fit in KIF11 patient eyes (P1 OS: R² = 0.09). Inferior retinal regions showed diffusely increased CT, with focal maximal thickening immediately temporal to chorioretinal dysplasia, forming a sharp, reproducible transition zone. Beyond this, CT progressively decreased with increasing temporal distance from the atrophic border. The ratio of CT at the transition point relative to distal temporal measurements consistently exceeded 1.0. Conclusions: KIF11-associated retinopathy demonstrates a regional pachychoroid-like choroidal phenotype with spatially patterned dysplasia, most pronounced adjacent to areas of chorioretinal atrophy. These findings implicate choroidal structural and vascular abnormalities as potential contributors to disease pathogenesis and expand the recognized ocular phenotype of KIF11-related retinal disease.
Keywords
Citation Information
@article{lilycfarrell2026,
title={Choroidal Imaging Features of KIF11-associated Retinopathy: Expanding the Ocular Phenotype},
author={Lily C. Farrell and Justin C. Muste and Atharva Hudlikar and Xin Ying Rachel Song and Pearse A. Keane and Rupesh Agrawal and Jose S. Pulido},
journal={International Journal of Retina and Vitreous},
year={2026},
doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9361112/v1}
}
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