Impact of specialized mobility services on independent travel, economic outcomes, and well-being for people with low vision and blindness: an international survey
Abstract
Background Though independent mobility has a considerable impact on an individual’s quality of life, employability, and social participation, few studies have examined the impact of specialized mobility services for people with visual impairments (PVI) globally. This study examines the impact of these services on independent travel and how it relates to social determinants of health.Methods PVI were recruited via social media platforms or associations for the visually impaired to respond to online questionnaires translated in English, French, Spanish, and Mandarin. Survey 1 included questions related to place of residence, level of functional vision, travel habits, age, ethnicity, employment, and education. Survey 2 included questions related to the types of travel and mobility services received and perceived well-being.Results Responses were received from 752 PVI in survey 1 and 584 PVI in survey 2 residing in 38 different countries. Only 35.6% of participants received specialized mobility services. Those who were more likely to have received services had no functional vision (p<.001), an early diagnosis of visual impairment (< 14 years old; p<.05), and lived in urban areas (p<.001). The reasons for not receiving instruction varied significantly based on the region (p<.001), with the most common reason being the lack of availability. Those who received these services had higher perceived well-being (p<.001), economic success (p<.01), and level of education completed (p<.01) and ask for assistance less frequently (p<.05).Conclusions Specialized mobility instruction is associated with higher independence and well-being of PVI around the world. These services should be made more accessible to allow PVI to become independent travelers and reduce the burden on caregivers and society. Attention should be given to individuals living in rural areas, with a lower socioeconomic status, and a later onset of visual impairment, as many do not have access to these services.
Keywords
Citation Information
@article{maximebleau2026,
title={Impact of specialized mobility services on independent travel, economic outcomes, and well-being for people with low vision and blindness: an international survey},
author={Maxime Bleau and Kopila Kafle and Min Wang and Soutongnoma Safiata Kaboré and Jorge Luis Cueva Vargas and Yingzi Xiong and Joseph Paul Nemargut},
journal={BMC Public Health},
year={2026},
doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9306149/v1}
}
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