Research Article 2026-04-20 posted v1

Enhancing the Efficiency of Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Material Ratios and Surface Optimization for Wearable Electronics

M
Muskan Zaheer Mughal International Islamic University, Islamabad
G
Gul Hassan International Islamic University, Islamabad
A
Arfa Asif International Islamic University, Islamabad
M
Maryam Bibi International Islamic University, Islamabad

Abstract

Triboelectric Nanogenerators (TENG) are devices that are gaining a lot of attention due to their ability to power low energy electronic devices. This study focuses on developing a flexible and efficient triboelectric nanogenerator that is capable of harvesting mechanical energy from various sources. The work also emphasize optimization of the device’s efficiency by different fabrication and design approaches. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), Barium titanate (BaTiO) and Nylon were the main materials used in the fabrication of the device. PDMS plays a role as a flexible material which is desirable for flexible devices while BaTiO is a ceramic with high dielectric constant which increases surface charge density of the TENG device. Nylon paired with PDMS maximizes the potential difference resulting in greater voltages. PDMS was prepared by 10:1 base-to-curing ratio of Sylgard 184 kit while sol-gel technique was used for the synthesis of the composite PDMS-BaTiO and dip coating was employed to deposit material on the electrodes. Nylon handkerchief was used as the material for second electrode as it serves as the electropositive layer in triboelectric layer. The fabricated set of devices achieved a maximum open circuit voltage of 1600V while the maximum current achieved was 180µA. The main findings of this research were that the device exhibited higher efficiency as compared to the previously reported work. An LED was successfully illuminated by the prepared device confirming its high charge generation capability. Thus, a high performance TENG device was successfully developed.

Citation Information

@article{muskanzaheermughal2026,
  title={Enhancing the Efficiency of Flexible Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Material Ratios and Surface Optimization for Wearable Electronics},
  author={Muskan Zaheer Mughal and Gul Hassan and Arfa Asif and Maryam Bibi},
  journal={Research Square},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9279968/v1}
}
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