Climate change impacts and health inequities intersect sharply in Brazil’s social housing, where housing location, design, and governance shape residents’ exposure to environmental hazards and everyday wellbeing. Yet housing, health, and climate agendas often operate in parallel, limiting integrated policy responses for low-income residents of the Minha Casa, Minha Vida (MCMV) Faixa 1 program. This study used Group Model Building (GMB) to co-develop a causal loop diagram (CLD) mapping interactions among housing, health, and climate resilience in MCMV Faixa 1 and to identify leverage points for equitable, climate-resilient policy and practice. We conducted a two-day, in-person GMB workshop in São Paulo (August 2025) with 18 participants (11 external experts and 7 research team members) representing public health, architecture, urban planning, geography, nutrition, and social policy. Structured facilitation scripts were used to identify system variables and relationships, which were synthesized into a CLD and iteratively refined through documentation review and participant validation. The resulting CLD included 35 variables across three domains: health (n = 7), climate resilience (n = 8), and broader social and governance influences (n = 20). Income inequality by race and gender emerged as the most structurally central variable, bridging social, environmental, and policy subsystems. Adaptive urban design and climate-oriented policy implementation also showed high connectivity, linking built-environment interventions to health and resilience outcomes. Reinforcing dynamics connected resilient housing quality, adaptive urban design, and social participation to improvements in wellbeing and adaptive capacity, while balancing dynamics reflected constraints associated with socioeconomic inequality, peripheralization, and urban violence. Leverage points clustered around six areas: integrated housing design standards, urban greening and nature-based solutions, active mobility and low-carbon transport connectivity, participatory governance, intersectoral policy coordination, and integrated monitoring systems. These findings highlight actionable policy levers to support more equitable and climate-resilient housing strategies within the MCMV program.