Research Article 2026-04-20 under-review v1

Structural characteristics of municipal health promotion networks: Insights from egocentric network analysis in municipal settings in Germany

H
Hanna Richter University of Bremen
T
Tatiana Mamontova University of Bremen
L
Lisa Kühne University of Bremen

Abstract

Background Health professionals increasingly coordinate integrated public health services across complex municipal structures. While described as brokers or network stewards, little is known about how health professionals network properties shape their coordination capacity. This study examines how structural network properties influence health professionals' ability to direct and coordinate integrated public health services at the municipal level.Methods Egocentric social network analysis mapped networks of 14 health professionals working in German primary schools and neighbourhood settings. Using name-generator surveys, we captured alters, inter-alter ties, and attributes across sectors. Networks were analysed in Gephi 1.0, calculating size, density, clustering coefficient, betweenness/closeness centrality, modularity (with/without ego), and path length. ForceAtlas2 visualisations identified structural patterns against coordination outcomesResults The networks exhibited hybrid structures, combining centralised hubs, cohesive modular subgroups and small-world properties. The high level of modularity reflected the functional segmentation of areas such as education, social spaces, and professional peer domains. Although star-shaped networks enabled rapid coordination, they were highly vulnerable due to their dependence on the health professional in the central position. By contrast, mesh-like and small-world structures maintained connectivity and brokerage potential through distributed ties, demonstrating structural resilience.Conclusion The network structure is the fundamental determinant of coordination capacity in municipal health promotion. Although centralised forms enable a rapid response, their fragility highlights the limitations of individual coordination efforts. Distributed small-world configurations are better able to sustain cross-sectoral collaboration. In order to fulfil the Health in All Policies mandate of municipalities, it is essential to implement formal governance mechanisms, including institutionalised coordination functions, protected networking time, cross-sectoral steering committees and training in network-spanning activities. This shifts coordination from discretionary individual effort to structural organisational capacity, ensuring the sustainable integration of preventive services across fragmented local health systems.

Citation Information

@article{hannarichter2026,
  title={Structural characteristics of municipal health promotion networks: Insights from egocentric network analysis in municipal settings in Germany},
  author={Hanna Richter and Tatiana Mamontova and Lisa Kühne},
  journal={BMC Health Services Research},
  year={2026},
  doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9212156/v1}
}
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