Guide Robots’ Acceptance in Organizations: User’s Self-Efficacy and Robots’ Organizational Value
Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore the self-efficacy of guide robot (GR) users and to assess the value of integrating GRs in organizational workflows. The study consists of two stages, both conducted in Estonia. First, we carried out a preliminary quantitative study by applying a newly developed Guide Robot User Self-Efficacy Scale (GRUSES) in both controlled and uncontrolled environments. This pilot stage measured users’ confidence in using GRs across different demographics (age, gender, prior experience) and contexts, serving to generate initial insights and hypotheses. In the main stage, we conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with three stakeholder groups – GR end-users, organizational administrators, and GR distributors – to uncover barriers and propose solutions for better adoption of GRs in everyday organizational workflows. The preliminary survey indicated that younger, male, and experienced users reported higher self-efficacy, but users’ confidence dropped significantly when moving from controlled scenarios to real-life use. The qualitative interviews, as the core of our study, identified numerous barriers to integrating GRs into organizational workflows as well as enabling factors to address these challenges. Based on these findings, we provide recommendations to support a wider and more effective use of guide robots in service organizations. Notably, the GRUSES instrument is still under development; thus, the survey results are considered exploratory and primarily useful for guiding future research and practice.
Citation Information
@article{kristelmarmor2026,
title={Guide Robots’ Acceptance in Organizations: User’s Self-Efficacy and Robots’ Organizational Value},
author={Kristel Marmor and Janika Leoste and Mati Heidmets},
journal={Cognition, Technology & Work},
year={2026},
doi={https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8642697/v1}
}
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