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Sri Lanka exhibits one of the strongest rainfall gradients in the tropics due to the interaction between complex topography, seasonally reversing monsoonal circulations and large-scale air-sea couplin...
Sri Lanka
Rainfall variability
Second inter-monsoon
Monsoon systems
Indian Ocean Dipole
El Niño-Southern Oscillation
Agroclimatic shifts directly influence water availability, crop productivity, and food security in vulnerable regions. By characterizing rainfall variability, crop season onset, length of growing peri...
Climate variability
Irrigation demand
Length of growing period
Rainfall dynamics
Water stress
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