Hard rock excavation and crushing impose technical impediments in coal mining. Using the fundamental features of high viscosity and high-pressure shrinkage of high-pressure foams, the tensile strength of rock is significantly inferior to its compressive strength, and a high-pressure foam bursting experiment system is constructed. Five artificial rock specimens with different ratios were prepared experimentally investigate the bursting and cracking of high-pressure foams under different compressive strengths, system pressures and void effects of rock samples. The influences of the aforementioned factors on the mean diameter and volume of rock rupture pit were evaluated assessed, offering a novel methodology for tough rock excavation and rock rupture. Experimental outcomes demonstrated that the compressive strength of rock specimens can substantially inhibited the rupture and fracture of lithology by high-pressure foam. Increase of system pressure favored the bursting of high-pressure foam and fracturing of rock. The rocks were more readily fractured in the pressure of voids, and when the distance between voids exceeded 5 times of the expansion hole diameter ; therefore ,the effect of voids surpassed the range of action. With the increase of void number, the alteration of diameter and volume was initially ascended and then diminished. When void number was 3, the effects of foam bursting and rock fracturing were optimal.